1 Kings 18:40

Authorized King James Version

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And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּאמֶר֩ said H559
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 19
to say (used with great latitude)
אֵֽלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ And Elijah H452
אֵֽלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ And Elijah
Strong's: H452
Word #: 2 of 19
elijah, the name of the famous prophet and of two other israelites
לָהֶ֜ם H0
לָהֶ֜ם
Strong's: H0
Word #: 3 of 19
וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂ֑וּם And they took H8610
וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂ֑וּם And they took
Strong's: H8610
Word #: 4 of 19
to manipulate, i.e., seize; chiefly to capture, wield, specifically, to overlay; figuratively, to use unwarrantably
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 5 of 19
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
נְבִיאֵ֣י the prophets H5030
נְבִיאֵ֣י the prophets
Strong's: H5030
Word #: 6 of 19
a prophet or (generally) inspired man
הַבַּ֗עַל of Baal H1168
הַבַּ֗עַל of Baal
Strong's: H1168
Word #: 7 of 19
baal, a phoenician deity
אִ֛ישׁ let not one H376
אִ֛ישׁ let not one
Strong's: H376
Word #: 8 of 19
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אַל H408
אַל
Strong's: H408
Word #: 9 of 19
not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing
יִמָּלֵ֥ט of them escape H4422
יִמָּלֵ֥ט of them escape
Strong's: H4422
Word #: 10 of 19
properly, to be smooth, i.e., (by implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively, to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth youn
מֵהֶ֖ם H1992
מֵהֶ֖ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 11 of 19
they (only used when emphatic)
וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂ֑וּם And they took H8610
וַֽיִּתְפְּשׂ֑וּם And they took
Strong's: H8610
Word #: 12 of 19
to manipulate, i.e., seize; chiefly to capture, wield, specifically, to overlay; figuratively, to use unwarrantably
וַיּֽוֹרִדֵ֤ם brought them down H3381
וַיּֽוֹרִדֵ֤ם brought them down
Strong's: H3381
Word #: 13 of 19
to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau
אֵֽלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ And Elijah H452
אֵֽלִיָּ֙הוּ֙ And Elijah
Strong's: H452
Word #: 14 of 19
elijah, the name of the famous prophet and of two other israelites
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 15 of 19
near, with or among; often in general, to
נַ֣חַל to the brook H5158
נַ֣חַל to the brook
Strong's: H5158
Word #: 16 of 19
a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a shaft (of a mine)
קִישׁ֔וֹן Kishon H7028
קִישׁ֔וֹן Kishon
Strong's: H7028
Word #: 17 of 19
kishon, a river of palestine
וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֖ם and slew H7819
וַיִּשְׁחָטֵ֖ם and slew
Strong's: H7819
Word #: 18 of 19
to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)
שָֽׁם׃ H8033
שָֽׁם׃
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 19 of 19
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

Analysis & Commentary

And Elijah said unto them, Take the prophets of Baal; let not one of them escape. And they took them: and Elijah brought them down to the brook Kishon, and slew them there.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of elijah and the prophets of baal, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The prophetic office represents God's faithful witness even in apostasy, calling His people back to covenant faithfulness.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Canaanite fertility religion promised agricultural prosperity through ritual practices honoring Baal (storm god) and Asherah (mother goddess), posing constant temptation to syncretism. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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